WYMD Newsletter - April 2007

1) National and Global Youth Service Day (USA and worldwide) April 20-22, 2007
Millions of youth will participate in National & Global Youth Service Day, the largest service event in the world, on April 20-22, 2007. They will tutor young children, engage in disaster relief, register new voters, educate their communities about good nutrition, distribute HIV/AIDs prevention materials and meet many more community needs through their service. National & Global Youth Service Day supports youth on a life-long path of service and civic engagement, and educates the public, the media, and elected officials about the role of youth as community leaders. To read about last year's day, to register your participation, or to find out about grants for projects, visit the website - here
Global Youth Service Day is being celebrated all over the world on the April 20. To find out what is happening in your country, visit TakingITGlobal

2) EU Summit of Young Leaders (Russia) April 22-29, 2007
The Summit goal is to elaborate distinct projects for 2007 - 2011 (Program 2007 - 2011) between Russia and EU non-governmental organizations within the implementation of the Road Map on the Common Space of Research and Education, including Cultural Aspects approved on May 10, 2005 in Moscow. The program will cover: Political Engagement; Common Cohesion; Informal Education and Volunteering; Health; and Environment. Following the summit the elaborated Program 2007 - 2011 will be presented to the European Commission and Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in order to submit it for consideration and possible financing during the next EU-Russia Summit. The Program will then be implemented in 5-year period, from 2007 to 2011. The Summit will bring together heads or deputy - heads of the NGOs of the EU member-states, Russia and, as observers, of the NIS and European states, non-EU members. During the Summit all the participants of each working group will discuss the proposed proposals and draw up the final versions of approved projects that constitute the Program 2007 - 2011 for their common implementation.

3) EUROsimA 2007 (Turkey) April 26-29, 2007
EUROsimA is a simulation of the European Union in Ankara, annually organized by Middle East Technical University Foreign Policy and International Relations Club (FPIRC) since 2005. In this simulation, participants act as delegates of different countries and political parties and make discussions on political, economical and social issues concerning the EU. This year's topics are: Enlargement, Terrorism and Energy Policies. Four main bodies will be simulated in EuroSimA 2007: the European Council, the General Affairs Council, the Telecommunication, Transport and Energy Council and the European Parliament. The essence of EuroSimA is to give participants the roles of a country or political party representative and to encourage them to discuss, accordingly (in line with the real positions of these parties in the real EU), simultaneously present different points of view and solutions to problems in the European Union format. Thus, students from various universities of the world - mainly Turkey and Europe - act as representatives of different communities and try to negotiate on common policies about internal and external challenges with regard to the Rules of Procedure and guiding principles of cooperation but also inter-governmental. Finally, delegates produce their proposals and solutions in the form of official resolutions, which are crucial in demonstrating the real nature of international institutions like the European Union. Seminars given by well-known professors of International Relations Department at METU will also be used as teaching tools about EU and the subjects decided for discussion in EuroSimA 2007.
Closing date for applications: 15 April, 2007
EUROsimA website

4) 2007 Civicus Youth Assembly (United Kingdom) May 22-27, 2007
The 2007 Civicus Youth Assembly will bring 150 of the world’s most engaged, dynamic young activists in the field of Social and Civic Justice to Scotland from 90 different countries worldwide. The Youth Assembly will offer a unique opportunity to meet and work with other young women and men who are really making changes to things that matter. It will also give young people a program and a space to develop and commit to action internationally. Youth delegates will attend, as full delegates the Civicus World Assembly where they will have a voice and opportunity to meet and influence some of the world’s leading NGOs, groups and individuals who are committed to the creation of a more just and equitable world. Delegates will also meet a number of Young Scots who are involved nationwide in the Roars not Whispers project and these opportunities will help build the global linkages of the project and offer young Scots the opportunity to understand issues from a more global perspective. The Civicus Youth Assembly and Civicus World Assembly will be held at the SECC in Glasgow 22-27 May 2007

April 2007 Newsletter
WYMD Updates 1) VOICE YOUR IDEAS - World Youth Movement for Democracy Essay Contest 2) French website updates 3) Resources page to be revised and updated 4) Translators needed!! DEMOCRACY ALERTS/APPEALS from the World Movement for Democracy (WMD) 1) Zimbabwe: Civil Society Groups Worldwide Call for Intervention to End the Violence in Zimbabwe 2) Alert: Growing Repression in Vietnam HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES, NEWS AND REPORTS FROM PARTICIPANTS 1) Group - Somali National Youth Union (Somalia) 2) Report: Statues in over 30 countries and 60 cities went as quiet as democracy in Belarus! from JEF - Young European Federalists (Europe) 3) Report: Democracywatch Bangladesh - International Mother Language Day, 2007 (Bangladesh) 4) Report: NAYMOTE March 2007 Update (Liberia) 5) Report: Abusua Foundation's Mentorship Conference, 2007 (Ghana) HIGHLIGHTED NEWS FROM INTERNATIONAL PRESS 1) Pakistan: Democracy movement defies repression 2) Nigeria: Security services deemed unprepared to stop election violence 3) Zimbabwe: Upsurge in violence HIGHLIGHTED FORTHCOMING EVENTS 1) National and Global Youth Service Day (USA and worldwide) April 20-22, 2007 2) EU Summit of Young Leaders (Russia) April 22-29, 2007 3) EUROsimA 2007 (Turkey) April 26-29, 2007 4) 2007 Civicus Youth Assembly (United Kingdom) May 22-27, 2007 OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRANTS, FUNDING AND PARTICIPATION 1) Americans for Informed Democracy (AID) Summer 2007 Internships (United States) 2) Fourth Young Leaders in Rural Canada Awards (Canada) 3) Global Youth Fellowship Awards (Canada) 4) Ashoka Spring/Summer Internship Opportunities (United States)
WYMD Updates
1) VOICE YOUR IDEAS - World Youth Movement for Democracy Launches Essay Contest The World Youth Movement for Democracy (WYMD) is pleased to announce an essay contest for young people to share their perspectives on democracy. Young activists, students, and citizens aged 14 to 30 are invited to write short essays (under 2500 words) reflecting on their experiences with the ideals, the realities, and the future of democracy in their communities and countries. This essay contest is part of WYMD's Global Youth Campaign for Democracy, which encourages young people around the world to be part of political processes in their respective communities and regions. All submissions must be received by April 15, 2007. Learn more 2) WYMD French website updates The WYMD's French website has been updated! The French website now has a new home page, updated applications forms, and updated information on the WYMD - here 3) Resources page to be revised and updated The WYMD's resource page has been revised to make it easier to use and locate material - we are currently in the process of updating materials for this page. If you know of any great resources, or have a favourite toolkit to recommend, please let us know! You can email wymd@youthlink.org - here 4) Translators needed The WYMD is currently seeking volunteer translators for its Spanish, Portuguese and French pages, and to help create Spanish, Portuguese and French materials. If one of these is your native language, and you think you would be a suitable candidate, we would love to hear from you. We are looking for people who can work independently, from home, school or college, and who can provide accurate and clear translations from English into their native language. If you think you can help, please email us at: wymd@youthlink.org contact us
Democracy Alerts/Appeals (from the World Movement for Democracy)
1) Zimbabwe: Civil Society Groups Worldwide Call for Intervention to End the Violence in Zimbabwe In a month of Zimbabwe in the news, the World Movement issued two DemocracyAlerts regarding the assaults on and arrests of participants at the March 11 "Save Zimbabwe" rally in Harare and the shooting of two Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) activists at the funeral of Gift Tarare, an MDC colleague who was killed by police at the rally. The situation remains extremely tense, and the violence against Zimbabwean civil society is escalating. A number of civil society organizations, in Zimbabwe and around the world, are calling on the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), the European Union, and the United States to intervene to help stop the violence and end the crisis. According to various reports Zimbabweans are suffering increasing poverty, loss of fundamental freedoms, violent repression, torture, and arbitrary detention. The current inflation rate in Zimbabwe is over 1700 percent, and the unemployment rate is over 80 percent. According to the US Congressional Human Rights Caucus, an estimated 3,500 Zimbabweans die every week as a result of an AIDS pandemic, a food crisis, and an economic meltdown. Amnesty International has established a Web site for those individuals who would like to take action. Amnesty provides a form letter and contact information to appeal to the African Union and the South African Development Community to immediately intervene in Zimbabwe. Read the full Alert Sign the Amnesty petition 2) Alert: Growing Repression in Vietnam Since February there has been an evident increase in Vietnamese state repression of individuals who are involved in religious, human rights, and/or pro-democracy work. Individuals who have been arrested, detained, or interrogated since February include Buddhist youth leader Le Cong Cau, imprisoned in his own home since March 17; Human rights lawyers Nguyen Van Dai and Le Thi Cong Nhan, arrested in Hanoi on March 6 and charged under an article banning propaganda against the government; Democracy activists Bach Ngoc Duong and Pham Van Coi, arrested in February; Human rights and democracy activist and Catholic priest Father Nguyen Van Ly, whose house was raided and possessions seized - he was subsequently charged under an article banning propaganda against the government; Head of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam Youth Commission Thich Thien Minh, accused of activities opposing the government. Moreover, Buddhist dissident Thich Huyen Quang, Patriarch of the outlawed Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam, and the UBCV's Deputy Leader Thich Quang Do are both under house arrest. (They have both spent over 25 years in detention for their non-violent advocacy of religious freedom, human rights, and democracy). Thich Quang Do is held in isolation at the Thanh Minh Zen Monastery, deprived of the right to preach, communicate or travel, and forbidden to receive visits. He was denied the right to travel to Norway in November 2006 to receive the Rafto Human Rights Award, and representatives of the Rafto Foundation were arrested on March 15, 2007 when they came to Vietnam to hand him the Rafto Diploma. Read the full Alert
Highlighted Contributions from Youth and Democracy Groups
News on projects, issues and experiences; articles and reports; news of events and information on groups and organizations, from people working on youth activism and democracy issues. Please remember, we do not monitor groups, and do not wish to censor material. We hope the information here is truthful, but we also hope that participants reading this information will try to gather as much information as they can about these groups and current affairs. 1) Group: Somali National Youth Union (Somalia) Somali National Youth Union is struggling to make a difference in Somalia where more than a thousand young Somali people have been killed in a battle complicated by historical legacies of conflict. The Ethiopian military currently has forces in Somalia, a situation made more tense due to historical land wars in the 1970s during which Somali land was ceded to Ethiopia. War broke out between warlords and the Islamic Union Courts (ICU) in 2006. The war now continues between the transitional government, which controls only parts of southern Somalia and is backed by the Ethiopian government, and the popular ICU. Somali National Youth Union states the following: 1- Somali National Youth Union appeals for Ethiopian forces to get out of Somalia completely as quickly as possible. 2- SNYU calls on the international community to help Somalia in order to get peace and stability. 3- all the Somali people are requested to take part in the problem which exists in Somalia. 4- we have forgotten all our differences as we come together and work hand in hand. If you would like to find out more about SNYU, please email wymd(at)youthlink.org. Support, comments and opinions are welcome. 2) Report: Statues in over 30 countries and 60 cities went as quiet as democracy in Belarus! from JEF - Young European Federalists (Europe) On the night of the anniversary of Lukashenka's condemned re-"elections" 19th March 2006 – youngsters, NGOs and Belarusians gagged statues across Europe to symbolically go as quiet as the citizens of Belarus. In over 30 countries and 60 cities, from Pristine to Edinburgh, statues were gagged along with the message "Give a voice to the citizens of Belarus!" in an action staged simultaneously in an unprecedented amount of cities. The fact that youth are willing – and can – act across the borders of Europe demonstrated the existence of a supranational civil society and international solidarity. The action showed that youth demand a democratic, free and united Europe and that the leaders of Europe open their eyes to the situation in Belarus – the last dictatorship of Europe. In Belarus, meetings of more than 10 people and the existence of NGOs have been made illegal since last year. Freedom of speech is severely limited with journalists and opposition persecuted and all use of Internet is being monitored by the authorities. In the last two months arrests of civilians, opposition and civil society activist alike has increased. Last year hundreds of prominent statues in 23 European cities were gagged on the night of the dubious "elections" in protest against the Belarus regime. JEF has committed to do this action every year until the dictatorship falls and the citizens of Belarus are given a free voice. In 2007 the action took place in over 60 cities across Europe and also in US and Canada. Read more at www.jef.eu View photos of the gagged statues - here 3) Report: Democracywatch Bangladesh - International Mother Language Day, 2007 (Bangladesh) This article from Democracywatch Bangladesh highlights the annual rally to celebrate International Mother Language Day, acknowledged by UNESCO as a day to celebrate struggles for the rights to language worldwide. This year young Democracywatch participants walked barefoot through the streets of Dhaka to pay homage to the students and activists who participated in the demonstrations in Dhaka in 1952 which led to a historical movement to challenge a government decision to adopt Urdu as the sole national language. The movement finally resulted in the adoption of Bengali as a second national language, and the movement is believed to have sown the seeds for Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan. Read more - here Visit the Democracywatch website 4) Report: NAYMOTE Update 2007 (Liberia) The National Youth Movement for Transparent Elections - Partners for Democratic Development (NAYMOTE-PADD) conducted a "Civic Month" public sensitization campaign through a series of awareness raising activities in selected towns throughout Liberia. The activities included citizen's forums town hall meetings, youth leadership debates and student-based activities amongst other things. The activities were primarily designed to strengthen citizens' participation in governance, leadership, and decision-making; foster good citizenship at the grassroots; and enhance political pluralism and the protection of fundamental rights. They were structured by NAYMOTE-PADD to meet two specific program objectives: Increase citizens' civic knowledge, skills and values for active and responsible citizenship, and promote informed and active participation of youth in decision- making and community service. The citizens' forums proved especially effective, with one forum resulting in the first open discussion in the town between elected officials. School democracy clubs were also set up to encourage young people to learn about and take responsibility for their rights to political participation and active citizenry. Read the full report - here 5) Report: Abusua Foundation's Mentorship Conference, 2007 (Ghana) Abusa Foundation's 2007 Mentorship Conference drew over 650 young people from 2nd Cycle and tertiary institutions in the Western and Central regions of Ghana. These young people met and interacted with mentors from a wide spectrum of society and business. This year’s conference: “Fifty years of nationhood: contributions of youth; prospects and challenges,” was designed to explore what young people have been involved with and achieved, and indeed what they are still doing, to try to strengthen Ghana’s democracy. Are there any lessons to learn? And what is the way forward? The conference was deemed a huge success, with many positive aspects, including for the first time strong participation from Ghana's Western region. more on the conference Abusua Foundation Check out WYMD's Resource Page for toolkits, guides, and more articles.
Highlighted News from the International Press and Human Rights Groups
1) Pakistan: Democracy movement defies repression (Worldpress.org) April 1, 2007 Around 5,000 lawyers protested on March 21 vowing to continue a campaign to remove Gen. Pervez Musharraf from office, forcing the withdrawal of charges against Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry and gaining assurance of a full independent judiciary capable of protecting the constitution. The lawyers called for the establishment of a truly democratic government through free and fair elections. On March 9 Musharraf suspended Chaudhry, kicking off the row. The lawyers are waging a struggle for the rule of law and for the supremacy of the constitution. The lawyers had expressed their determination during a sit-in, after marching through the streets chanting antigovernment slogans. The authorities largely held back from attacking the protesters, which observers took to be a result of widespread international criticism of police repression of a March 17 demonstration when police fired tear gas shells into the crowd and used batons to beat lawyers and journalists. Lawyers have continued to stage walkouts from their court duties, and members of the Save the Judiciary Committee have carried out a hunger strike in support of their demands, as the campaign escalates in cities across Pakistan. Read the report 2) Nigeria: Security services deemed unprepared to stop election violence (Reuters) March 14, 2007 28 March, 2007 - The Nigerian government faces criticism from home and abroad with accusations of police putting corruption and brutality ahead of democracy in the run-up to the Nigerian elections. "It's like there's no government here," said market trader Hygenus Waku from Lagos, where dead bodies frequently wash up on the banks of the river, and many of the city's long bridges become no-go areas at night as armed gangs set up roadblocks. The police are known for their random shootings, so indiscriminate they have become known as 'spray and pray'. Voting for state governors and state parliaments is to take place on 14 April followed by elections for president and the federal legislature on 21 April. Assassinations and fighting between supporters of opposing candidates have already occurred and political tensions are high. The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has banned one of the leading presidential candidates, the country's current vice president Atiku Abubakar, after he was indicted on corruption charges and observers began to worry about election fraud. Politicians have also been accused of paying local gangs, known as 'area boys', to intimidate their opponents. Meanwhile, ballot boxes are often the target of hired thugs working for politicians, another concern for the INEC. Read the full report Amnesty International's campaign 3) Zimbabwe: Upsurge in violence (Front Line) March 14, 2007 Prominent youth activist Gift Tandare was shot dead in Harare's Highfield township on 11 March 2007 when riot police arrived to arrest seventy people amongst those attempting to attend a Save Zimbabwe Campaign prayer meeting. Gift Tandare was the youth Chairperson of the National Constitutional Assembly. Four of those arrested are prominent human rights defenders. There have been reports of ill treatment of those arrested. Following arrest, one of the suspects received treatment for a fractured arm On 12 March. There have also been reports of torture. Nineteen people remain in custody at Harare Central Police Station and have been refused access to human rights lawyers. Following the arrests on the 11 March, there is great concern that the Zimbabwean police are using the Public Order and Security Act (POSA) to arrest and persecute human rights defenders who demonstrate. Front Line calls on the Zimbabwean authorities to carry out an immediate and prompt investigation into the killing of Gift Tandare, to release all human rights defenders immediately and guarantee the physical and psychological health and safety of all human rights defenders while in detention. Read the report
Highlighted Forthcoming Events
1) National and Global Youth Service Day (USA and worldwide) April 20-22, 2007 Millions of youth will participate in National & Global Youth Service Day, the largest service event in the world, on April 20-22, 2007. They will tutor young children, engage in disaster relief, register new voters, educate their communities about good nutrition, distribute HIV/AIDs prevention materials and meet many more community needs through their service. National & Global Youth Service Day supports youth on a life-long path of service and civic engagement, and educates the public, the media, and elected officials about the role of youth as community leaders. To read about last year's day, to register your participation, or to find out about grants for projects, visit the website - here Global Youth Service Day is being celebrated all over the world on the April 20. To find out what is happening in your country, visit TakingITGlobal 2) EU Summit of Young Leaders (Russia) April 22-29, 2007 The Summit goal is to elaborate distinct projects for 2007 - 2011 (Program 2007 - 2011) between Russia and EU non-governmental organizations within the implementation of the Road Map on the Common Space of Research and Education, including Cultural Aspects approved on May 10, 2005 in Moscow. The program will cover: Political Engagement; Common Cohesion; Informal Education and Volunteering; Health; and Environment. Following the summit the elaborated Program 2007 - 2011 will be presented to the European Commission and Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in order to submit it for consideration and possible financing during the next EU-Russia Summit. The Program will then be implemented in 5-year period, from 2007 to 2011. The Summit will bring together heads or deputy - heads of the NGOs of the EU member-states, Russia and, as observers, of the NIS and European states, non-EU members. During the Summit all the participants of each working group will discuss the proposed proposals and draw up the final versions of approved projects that constitute the Program 2007 - 2011 for their common implementation. 3) EUROsimA 2007 (Turkey) April 26-29, 2007 EUROsimA is a simulation of the European Union in Ankara, annually organized by Middle East Technical University Foreign Policy and International Relations Club (FPIRC) since 2005. In this simulation, participants act as delegates of different countries and political parties and make discussions on political, economical and social issues concerning the EU. This year's topics are: Enlargement, Terrorism and Energy Policies. Four main bodies will be simulated in EuroSimA 2007: the European Council, the General Affairs Council, the Telecommunication, Transport and Energy Council and the European Parliament. The essence of EuroSimA is to give participants the roles of a country or political party representative and to encourage them to discuss, accordingly (in line with the real positions of these parties in the real EU), simultaneously present different points of view and solutions to problems in the European Union format. Thus, students from various universities of the world - mainly Turkey and Europe - act as representatives of different communities and try to negotiate on common policies about internal and external challenges with regard to the Rules of Procedure and guiding principles of cooperation but also inter-governmental. Finally, delegates produce their proposals and solutions in the form of official resolutions, which are crucial in demonstrating the real nature of international institutions like the European Union. Seminars given by well-known professors of International Relations Department at METU will also be used as teaching tools about EU and the subjects decided for discussion in EuroSimA 2007. Closing date for applications: 15 April, 2007 EUROsimA website 4) 2007 Civicus Youth Assembly (United Kingdom) May 22-27, 2007 The 2007 Civicus Youth Assembly will bring 150 of the world’s most engaged, dynamic young activists in the field of Social and Civic Justice to Scotland from 90 different countries worldwide. The Youth Assembly will offer a unique opportunity to meet and work with other young women and men who are really making changes to things that matter. It will also give young people a program and a space to develop and commit to action internationally. Youth delegates will attend, as full delegates the Civicus World Assembly where they will have a voice and opportunity to meet and influence some of the world’s leading NGOs, groups and individuals who are committed to the creation of a more just and equitable world. Delegates will also meet a number of Young Scots who are involved nationwide in the Roars not Whispers project and these opportunities will help build the global linkages of the project and offer young Scots the opportunity to understand issues from a more global perspective. The Civicus Youth Assembly and Civicus World Assembly will be held at the SECC in Glasgow 22-27 May 2007
Opportunities for Grants, Funding and Participation
1) Americans for Informed Democracy (AID) Summer 2007 Internships (United States) AID is calling for applications from globally conscious college students who are interested in a dynamic and fast-paced summer internship that will give them a hands-on introduction to the fields of global education, non-profit management and youth organizing. This internship program offers students an unparalleled introduction to the diverse professional opportunities within international NGOs. Interns help lead media outreach, grant-writing, partnership development, fundraising, civic education, and long-term strategy development. The internship is unique in involving college students directly in the highest levels of the organization's management, allowing them to play influential roles in shaping the group's agenda. AID provides housing in New Haven to all interns for the duration of the internship program from June 9th through August 10th. Deadline: April 15, 2007 2) Fourth Young Leaders in Rural Canada Awards (Canada) The Young Leaders in Rural Canada Secretariat is seeking nominations of young rural Canadians (18 to 29 years old) who have demonstrated in 2005 and/or 2006 outstanding achievements and made contributions to rural, remote and/or northern Canada, for the fourth Young Leaders in Rural Canada Awards (YLRCA). A commemorative Award will be presented in each of the following categories: INNOVATION, LEADERSHIP and PARTNERSHIP. Deadline: April 16, 2007 3) Global Youth Fellowship (Canada) The Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation is pleased to announce the 2007 call for applications for the Global Youth Fellowship. This initiative is intended to complement the grants awarded through the Foundation’s Global Citizenship Programme. The Global Youth Fellowships are targeted towards emerging, young Canadian leaders who demonstrate potential to enhance Canada’s role on the world stage. The Fellowships will provide successful candidates with a cash award of $20,000 as well as other forms of support. To be eligible for consideration, applicants must be Canadian citizens or landed immigrants between 24 - 35 years of age with previous international experience - paid or volunteer. They also need to demonstrate a sustained commitment to international issues through studies, career choices and volunteer activities. For bios of the 2006 Global Youth Fellows, please visit the website. Deadline for applications: 20 April, 2007 4) Ashoka Spring/Summer Internship Opportunities (United States) Interns at Ashoka work in a dynamic, innovative environment of international professionals and cutting-edge social entrepreneurs committed to supporting an influential civil society worldwide. Ashoka looks for highly collegial, ethical people who have a track record of entrepreneurship and innovation for social change. Internship candidates are evaluated regarding the criteria that represent Ashoka's culture as well as the specific qualifications for each internship. Ashoka tries to match intern interests with program needs to find a good fit, and interns may be asked to contribute to more than one program. Ashoka is currently looking for Spring Associates to work in our office in Arlington, Virginia (outside Washington, D.C.). Most spring Associates will receive a stipend, commensurate with academic experience; some positions are unpaid. Ashoka is an officially recognized work-study site for eligible students from Georgetown University and George Washington University. Deadline: Various - see website
Your voice
Contribute to WYMD's Newsletter! We would love to hear more from WYMD members, and develop this newsletter as a forum for you to share stories, experiences, news of events etc. So please, if you have any stories to share, know of any events that might be of interest (international or national), or just want to share an experience of activism or participation, please send us an update so we can share this information with the other members! Please send any news, articles etc to wymd[at]youthlink.org or using our online feedback form